What are the three main macronutrients essential for human health?

The three main macronutrients essential for human health are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Each of these macronutrients plays a crucial role in the body's functioning and overall well-being.

Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy. They are broken down into glucose, which fuels cellular functions and brain activity. Proteins are vital for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. They are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks that help in muscle development, immune function, and the production of hormones and enzymes. Fats are important for energy storage, insulation, and protecting vital organs. They also aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) and are essential for cell membrane structure.

While vitamins and minerals are crucial for various physiological functions, they are classified as micronutrients, not macronutrients. Fiber, sugar, and starch are components of carbohydrates, specifically, but they do not encompass the entire category of macronutrients. Antioxidants, enzymes, and phytochemicals are also important for health but fall outside of the macronutrient classification, focusing more on specific health benefits rather than being foundational sources of energy and building blocks for the body.