What are the consequences of undernutrition?

Undernutrition has significant and harmful consequences on an individual's health and development, particularly during critical growth periods such as childhood and adolescence. Stunted growth is a direct result of inadequate nutrition, which hinders the body's ability to grow and develop properly. This can lead to lifelong physical limitations and reduced stature.

Weakening of the immune function is another serious consequence of undernutrition. A body that lacks essential nutrients cannot produce adequate amounts of antibodies or maintain effective immune responses, leading to increased susceptibility to infections and diseases. Individuals who are undernourished may experience higher rates of illness and longer recovery times compared to their well-nourished peers.

Furthermore, undernutrition can increase overall susceptibility to disease. The lack of key vitamins and minerals compromises the body's natural defenses, making it more difficult to fend off infections and recover from illness.

The other options suggest positive outcomes associated with good nutrition, such as increased energy levels, improved mental clarity, enhanced physical fitness, faster recovery times, greater bone density, and strength, which do not align with the effects of undernutrition. Instead, these outcomes are typically observed in individuals who are adequately nourished and maintain a balanced diet.